what is Advantage and disadvantage of Lead Acid Battery and Lithium-Ion Battery? | GEWING

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4. What is Advantage and disadvantage of Lead Acid Battery and Lithium-Ion Battery?

Lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries are two common types of batteries, and they each have unique advantages and disadvantages. The following is a detailed description of the advantages and disadvantages of these two types of batteries:

Lead-acid batteries

Advantage:

High safety and stability: lead-acid batteries use a dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte, non-flammable, and the battery is designed for atmospheric pressure or low pressure, so it has a high safety and stability.

Mature technology: lead-acid battery is one of the batteries with the longest industrialised production time, with mature technology, reliable and stable performance, and strong applicability.

Float-chargeable: Lead-acid batteries can be float-charged, with excellent shallow-charging and shallow-discharging performance, and are suitable for use in the fields of uninterruptible power supply (UPS), new energy storage and so on.

High capacity: lead-acid battery technology is mature, can be made into batteries with a capacity of thousands of ampere hours, which provides convenience for large-scale energy storage.

Wide operating temperature range: lead-acid batteries have stable performance, a wide operating temperature range, and a high operating voltage, making them suitable for high-rate discharge applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

Disadvantages:

Large size and weight: lead-acid batteries are relatively heavy and bulky, making them inconvenient to move around and limiting their use in certain applications.

Low energy density: lead-acid batteries have low mass and volumetric energy density, with an energy density of about one-third that of lithium-ion batteries and about half that of nickel-hydrogen batteries.

Short cycle life: lead-acid batteries are charged and discharged about 300 to 500 times, and generally used normally for 2 to 5 years, compared with other types of batteries, their life is shorter.

High self-discharge rate: lead-acid batteries will naturally discharge even when not in use, and may lose most of their power in about a month at room temperature.

Fast performance decline: with the increase of use, the performance of lead-acid batteries will decline, the stored power and output current will be reduced.

Environmental pollution: lead-acid batteries contain heavy metals such as lead, and their production and recycling process will cause some pollution to the environment.

Lithium Battery

Advantage:

High capacity density: lithium batteries can store more energy to meet the needs of various devices.

Small self-discharge: lithium batteries lose less power when not in use for a long time.

Relatively long life: although lithium batteries also have life expectancy issues, they have a longer life compared to lead-acid batteries, reducing the frequency of battery replacement.

Thin and portable: Lithium batteries are lightweight and small in thickness, making them easy to carry and transport.

Small internal resistance, good discharge characteristics: lithium batteries have small internal resistance, stable voltage when discharging, and high energy conversion efficiency.

Disadvantages:

Safety issues: the cathode material of lithium battery is lithium cobalt oxide, if there are abnormal conditions such as high temperature, short circuit, overcharging or over-discharging during charging and use, it may cause battery combustion or explosion accidents, which may bring threat to personal safety.

High cost: due to the high cost of production process and materials, the price of lithium battery is relatively high.

Difficulty in electrolyte purification: the electrolyte system of lithium battery has a complicated purification process, which increases the production cost.

Need cable control protection: In order to ensure the safe use of the battery, it is necessary to design complex protection lines to prevent overcharge or overdischarge.

Environmental issues: lithium battery production and recycling process requires the consumption of a certain amount of energy and resources, while the battery waste or end-of-life there is a certain amount of environmental pollution potential. The composition of lithium batteries contains chromium, nickel, cobalt and other heavy metals and organic matter, which will have a certain impact on the environment and health.

In summary, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing batteries, you need to consider them according to specific application scenarios, cost budget, safety performance and environmental requirements.

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